medicinal plants of liliaceae family

Allium, Agapanthus. Liliaceae, Lily family. The lily appears in ancient literature associated with both sovereignty and virginal innocence, and is mentioned on a number of occasions in the Bible, such as the description in Solomon's Song of Songs (2, 12) "I am a rose of Sharon, a lily of the valleys. Engler and Krause divided the family into 12 sub-families as follows: Rhizome or bulb covered with scale leaves and with terminal inflorescence, e.g. [33] Despite establishing this relative degree of monophyly (genetic homogeneity) for the family Liliaceae,[34][35] their morphology remains diverse[7] and there exists within the Liliaceae clade or grouping, a number of subclades (subgroups). Quite a few members of the Liliaceae have been used for food but one must be aware of potential DEADLY LOOK ALIKES The following table shows information from the incredible resource Encyclopedia of Edible Plants of North America by Francois Couplan (1998). Figure 59. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Garlic constituents with beneficial effects in reducing risk factors associated with MetS have been identified. Liliaceae s.s.. [7] (See also Evolution). By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Sagebrush Sego lily. [6][9] Tulipa and Gagea provide examples of ornamental geophyte biomorphological types representing continental thermoperiodic zones (Irano-Turanian region), characterised by cessation of underground growth at high temperatures in early summer and requiring low winter temperatures for spring flowering. Other members of the family used for food include Clintonia (leaves), Medeola (roots), Erythronium (corms), and Fritillaria (bulbs).[84]. Variable-solitary (Tulipa, Fritillaria), panicled raceme (Asphodelus), cymose umbel (Allium, Smilax), solitary axillary (Gloriosa). Erythronium americanum, trout lily. Botanical name Family Common name Plant part used Medicinal value Liliaceae Satavari Root High fever, antioxidant, sexual weakness Cooking reduces the activity of isothiocyanates. Disporum smithii. [58][89], Tulips were an essential part of the gardens of Persia, having been cultivated from the Steppes. It was concluded that the leaves and roots of this plant possess hormonal properties that can modulate the reproductive function of the experimental rats with respect to anti-implantation and antifertility [27]. It is distributed worldwide. Bulb offsets usually require at least a year before flowering. A few examples: garlic, asparagus, chives, shallots, onions, and leeks. Luzuriaga. There are more Lily Family pictures at PlantSystematics.org. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. One of these varieties is known as 'Rembrandt', after the Dutch artist of that name. (2006), Hayashi and Kawano (2000), Patterson and Givnish (2002), and Tamura (1998a,b), Naturally Occurring Cyclotryptophans and Cyclotryptamines, Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, African Medicinal Spices and Vegetables and Their Potential in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome, http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Allium_sativum_%28PROTA%29, http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/allium-sativum-garlic, Toxicity and Beneficial Effects of Some African Plants on the Reproductive System, Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants. The largest genera are Gagea (200), Fritillaria (130), Lilium (110), and Tulipa (75 species), all within the tribe Lilieae. Fritillaria imperialis, Fritillaria meleagris) bulbs contain poisonous neurotoxic alkaloids such as imperialin (peiminine),[75][76][77] which may be deadly if ingested in quantity, while other species such as Fritillaria camschatcensis and Fritillaria affinis are edible. The roots are typically contractile. The inflorescence is a terminal raceme, of a solitary flower, or rarely an umbel. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, Can cockroaches be fused together with their Brain Juice? (With Methods)| Industrial Microbiology, How is Cheese Made Step by Step: Principles, Production and Process, Enzyme Production and Purification: Extraction & Separation Methods | Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation of Olives: Process, Control, Problems, Abnormalities and Developments. Important Types. Other effects of garlic or extracts include reducing blood pressure and total cholesterol and increasing HDL in spontaneously hypertensive rats (Preuss etal.,2001), diabetic rats (Eidi etal.,2006), or normal rats (Mehrzia etal.,2006), improving endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats (Baluchnejadmojarad etal.,2003), and lowering glucose levels in fructose-fed insulin-resistant rats (Jalal etal.,2007). [4] Fences as high as 8 feet may be required to prevent them from consuming the plants, an impractical solution for most wild areas. [83] During World War II, starvation conditions in the Netherlands (Hongerwinter, hunger winter 1944) led to using Tulipa bulbs as food. The Aloe vera leaves are formed by ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Antimicrobial Activities of African Medicinal Spices and Vegetables, Medicinal Spices and Vegetables from Africa, Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants, ). WebEA202090998A1 EA202090998A EA202090998A EA202090998A1 EA 202090998 A1 EA202090998 A1 EA 202090998A1 EA 202090998 A EA202090998 A EA 202090998A EA 202090998 A EA202090998 A EA 202090998A EA 202090998 A1 EA202090998 A1 EA 202090998A1 Authority EA Eurasian Patent Office Prior art keywords quercetin mol It acts as stimulant, diuretic and expectorant and, mixed with vinegar, it is useful in the case of sore throat. They are an essential ingredient in many African sauces and relishes (Messiaen and Rouamba,2004). F. Whole plant, with whorled leaves. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) made rapid progress in establishing a modern monophyletic classification of the flowering plants by 2009. The centre of diversity is from southwest Asia to China. Flowers arise on the upper surface of phylloclades. V. Akroum etal. Looking for life-changing resources? Key words: Diseases and disorders, Again, some reversal to the broader reticulate-veined leaves occurred (e.g. Symptoms develop as chlorotic mottle to stripe-mosaic (Figure 59) and leaves may be twisted or show narrowing. It is assigned to the genus Potyvirus and can be transmitted by aphids (e.g., Myzus persicae and Aphis fabae) in a nonpersistent manner. [81], Fritillaria extracts are used in traditional Chinese medicine under the name chuan bei mu, and in Latin, bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae. Shrubs or under-shrubs with erect or climbing twigs e.g. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Bulb or short rhizome, cymose umbel, e.g. [4][5], The diversity of characteristics complicates any description of the Liliaceae morphology, and confused taxonomic classification for centuries. Liliaceae are subject to a wide variety of diseases and pests, including insects, such as thrips, aphids, beetles and flies. Currently the APWeb lists fifteen genera, arranged as shown in this table:[2][11]. They are also an economically important product. [20] Lilium bulbs, particularly Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii)[69] are used as food in China and other parts of Asia. (2000) and Fay et al. Methods of propagation include both sexual and asexual reproduction. Allium porrum commonly known as leek, is a vegetable belonging, along with onion and garlic, to the genus Allium. Webmedicinal plants as a single dose or in combination with others. 3. LVS does not induce specific symptoms in many cultivars, but reduced growth, small flowers, and lower bulb yields are recorded. Answer Now and help others. Common 16 genera/ ca. It is widely distributed all over the world. Leaves simple and spirally arranged in most genera. Share Your PDF File Both Lilium and Tulipa are susceptible to a group of five viruses of the family Potyviridae, specifically the potyvirus (named for potato virus Y) group, which includes the tulip-breaking virus (TBV) and the lily streak virus (lily mottle virus, LMoV) resulting in 'breaking' of the color of the flowers. FIGURE 7.30. [62] Because of the history of Liliaceae, many species such as Watsonia (bugle lily) that were previously classified in this family bear the name 'lily' but are neither part of the genus Lilium, or the family Liliaceae. and riceroot (Fritillaria spp. Share Your Word File Consequently, many sources and descriptions labelled "Liliaceae" deal with the broader sense of the family. INTERIOR PLANTS Plant FamiliesLamiaceae to Liliaceae. and s.s.) to denote the broader or stricter sense of the circumscription respectively, e.g. In modern times it appears in many forms, symbolic and decorative, and can be used on compasses to indicate the direction north, as well as the Scouting movement. Distribution of Liliaceae 3. Disclaimer Copyright, Share Your Knowledge F. Philesiaceae, Geitonoplesium sp. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Yakubu Musa Toyin, Akanji Musbau Adewunmi, in Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants, 2014. Leaves and bulbs are considered to have hypotensive, carminative, antiseptic, anthelmintic, diaphoretic, and expectorant properties (http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Allium_sativum_%28PROTA%29). Associated with decreased risk of cancer. FIGURE 7.29. By Franz J. Nienhaus. [48][49] An important horticultural and garden pest is the scarlet lily beetle (Japanese red lily beetle, Lilioceris lilii) and other Lilioceris species which attack Fritillaria and Lilium. We concentrate on virus diseases of the genera Tulipa and Lilium, as they represent large genera with economically very important ornamentals. [58] Tulip production has two main markets: cut flowers and bulbs. Primitive Living Skills | Outdoor Wilderness Living School, LLC The Persian word for tulips, lleh (), was borrowed into Turkish and Arabic as lale. Western false hellebore (Veratrum californicum) fed to ewes on gestation days 10 to 15 caused cyclopian-type teratological effects (Binns et al., 1962, 1964; Shupe and James, 1983). Tulips exhibiting flower breaking induced by TBV. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. WebPlants of the Lily Family. Nevertheless, since then the tulip has become indelibly associated with the Netherlands and all things Dutch. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The genus name comes from the Classical Latin word lilium, "lily", which in turn came from the Greek lerion (). 4, Issue 6, Part B. Ashwagandha and Atropa belladonna are medicinal plants of Solanaceae which is a dicot family. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. HOPS Press, LLC | Dirt Cheap Builder Books Common characteristics include large flowers with parts arranged in threes: with six colored or patterned petaloid tepals (undifferentiated petals and sepals) arranged in two whorls, six stamens and a superior ovary. When young plants are infected, severe yellowing of leaves or browning of veins in stems may occur. Liliaceae comprises 50 genera and approximately 600 species of flowering plants with many of them been used as spices and vegetables. Plants may become stunted and flowers sometimes deformed. Montana. [6], Due to the diversity of the originally broadly defined Liliaceae s.l., many attempts have been made to form suprageneric classifications, e.g. The roots of Asparagus (H. Satavaer) yields a tonic. The common cultivated garden plants are Tulipa, Lilium, Gloriosa, Aloe, Ruscus, Dracaena, Asparagus, Yucca, Hemerocallis etc. The latter are used, in turn, to meet the demand for bulbs for parks, gardens, and home use and, secondly, to provide the necessary bulbs for cut flower production. Notable among the other families are the Alstroe-meriaceae (Figure 7.29AD), Alstroemeria being a commonly cultivated ornamental, having interesting resupinate leaves; Colchicaceae (Figure 7.29E), containing Colchicum autumnale, autumn-crocus, source of colchicine used medicinally (e.g., formerly to treat gout) and in plant breeding (inducing chromosome doubling); Melanthiaceae (Figure 7.29GI); Philesiaceae (Figure 7.29F); and Smilacaceae (Figure 7.29J), including Smilax, the green-briers, species of which are of economic importance as the source of sarsa-parilla. The most newly defined families and subfamilies presumeably follow genetic lines and should be reasonably stable in the future. (2014) also showed that the methanol extract of the plant was selectively active against Gram-negative bacterial strains, such as E. coli AG102 and AG100ATet, E. aerogenes EA289 and EA294, K. pneumoniae K24, and E. cloacae BM67 with MIC values ranging from 512 to 1024g/mL. Habitat They are monocotyledonous plants. Privacy Policy3. Endospermic; endosperm horny or cartilagenous. Almost 10 million tons of garlic are produced each year with China, Korea, India,USA, Spain, Egypt, and Turkey being the worlds largest producers (http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/allium-sativum-garlic). Botany, Plant Taxonomy, Angiosperms, Monocotyledons, Families, Liliaceae. abstract. Contemporary tulip owners commonly had Rembrandt and other artists paint their flowers to preserve them for posterity, hence the 'broken' tulips were known as Rembrandt tulips at that time. Pain is a global public health problem with a high impact on life quality and a huge economic implication, becoming one of the most important enemies in modern medicine. 2. Although many Lilium species such as Lilium martagon and Lilium candidum can be obtained commercially, the majority of commercially available lilies represent the products of a very diverse hybridisation program, which has resulted in a separate horticultural classification, including such groupings as Asian, Oriental and Orienpet. Brassicaceae (Cruciferae): Brassica spp. whorled, usually sheathing, rarely petiolate, simple, and parallel veined [rarely net-veined]. [21] Major evolutionary clades include the Lilieae (Lilium, Fritillaria, Nomocharis, Cardiocrinum, Notholirion) from the Himalayas about 12mya and the Tulipeae (Erythronium, Tulipa, Gagea) from East Asia at about the same time. The leaves are generally simple and elongated with veins parallel to the edges, arranged singly and alternating on the stem, but may form a rosette at the base of the stem. B. Lilium sp., with erect flower. The relative stereochemistry is revealed from the X-ray structure as cis-annelation of the pyrrolidine rings. In fact, ajoene attenuated the high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, occasionally an end-result of prolonged MetS (Han etal.,2011; Panickar,2013). Wildflowers & Weeds | Jefferson River Canoe TrailRoadmap To Reality | What's New? J. Smilacaceae. [37] Molecular analysis indicates that divergence amongst the Liliales probably occurred around 82 million years ago. By 1562 the tulip trade had reached Europe with the first shipment to Antwerp,[90] where they were mistaken for vegetables,[91] although they had been cultivated in Portugal since 1530, and first appeared in illustration in 1559, and the first tulip flowers were seen in the Netherlands in 1625. ITIS 16,[43] GRIN 27,[44] WCSP,[45] NCBI,[46] DELTA[19] ) differ on the exact number of genera included in Liliaceae s.s., but generally there are about fifteen to sixteen genera, depending on whether or not Amana is included in Tulipa and Lloydia in Gagea. Examples include tulips, onions, lilies, etc. [26][27] Tulips can cause skin irritation due to the presence of tuliposides and tulipalins,[78][79][80] which are also found in the flowers, leaves and stems of Fritillaria. When symptoms appear, the plants show faint chlorotic spots and sometimes necrotic lesions. [61], The largest area of production is also the Netherland, with 76% of the global cultivated area, followed by France, Chile, Japan, the United States, New Zealand and Australia. In addition to a very wide variety of heights, lilies can be obtained in many colours and combinations of colours, and if properly selected can produce an extensive blooming season from early summer to autumn. Family of flowering plants in order Liliales, including lilies, Examples of the four subdivisions of Liliaceae, Flowers actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic, Meister des Frankfurter Paradiesgrtleins, "Ecological Impacts of High Deer Densities", "Phylogeny, concerted convergence, and phylogenetic niche conservatism in the core Liliales: insights from, "1.4.4 The undifferentiated perianth (perigon)", "3. [31][32] In the context of a general review of the classification of angiosperms, the Liliaceae were subjected to more intense scrutiny.

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